Defrosting system for refrigerator doors

ABSTRACT

A system for defrosting large commercial refrigerator doors in which electrical heating means for heating the metal frames and/or the surface of the glass is turned off or on, depending upon whether the relative humidity is below or above a selected level.

[4 Jan. 7, 1975 3,287,974 11/1966 Ciem0chowski...... 73/3365 3,379,859 4/1968 Marriott........ 62/248 X 3,460,352 8/1969 Lorenz...............t.. 62/176 X 3,508,361 4/1970 62/248 X Primary Examiner-C. L. Albritton Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Richard Morganstern [57] ABSTRACT A system for defrosting large commercial refrigerator doors in which electrical heating means for heating the metal frames and/or the surface of the glass is turned off or on, depending upon whether the relative humidity is below or above a selected level,

10 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures REFRIGERATOR DOORS James J. Heaney, Glendale, Calif. Assignee: Anthony s Manufacturing, San

Fernando, Calif.

[22] Filed: Feb. 11, 1974 [21] App]. No.: 440,988

[51] Int. [58] Field of Search......

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,858,408 10/1958 Barroero.........................

United States Patent 191 Heaney DEFROSTING SYSTEM FoR [75] Inventor:

Patented Jan. 7,1975

5 Qv. MM PM Iii w a DEFROSTINGSYSTEM FOR REFRIGERATOR DOORS I FIELD OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The self-service supermarkets which sell refrigerated foods frequently userefrigerated storage areas having metal framed glass doors for displaying the refrigerated products to the customer. Because the surface temperature of the metal frame, support structure and the glass door is reduced below ambient temperature by the refrigerated interior, moisture tends to condense out on the surface of these structural parts and the glass when the relative humidity reaches the dew point at the lower temperature of the. doors. One method of preventing the formation of undesired fog or frost on the refrigerator doors and pools of water from collecting on the floor has been to provide electrically resistive heaters, such as resistive wires mounted in the metal structural parts, and transparent resistive coatings placed on the glass to raise the surface temperatures of the glass and metal above the'dew point of the ambient air. However, continuous heating by this means is wasteful of electrical power'and'also increases the cooling load on the refrigerator or freezerunit.

load on the refrigeratione'quipment. Specifically, it has been found that it isnot necessary to heat the door frame and/or glass continuouslybut only when the relative humidity of the ambient air, reaches the dew point at the surface of the unheated doors The present invention provides anfarrangement; which includes a humidity-sensitive element for sensing the relative humidity of the ambient air. A control circuit, responsive to the output of the humidity-sensitive element, operates to connect or disconnect the resistance heater elements of the door frame and/or glass from an electrical power source with changes in the relative humidity. Thus under low humidity conditions the power to some or all of the resistive heater elements is shut off and is only turned on when the abient relative humidity rises to a level where the surface of the door frame and/or glass is at the dew point and condensation begins to form on the doors. a

BRIEF DESCRIPTION or THE DRAWINGS DETAILEDMDESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings in detail, the numeral indicates generally the door of a refrigerator of thetype used in supermarkets for displaying and storing food products which must be kept under refrigeration. The ..'refrigerator door 10, supported in a metal door jamb ll, is 'provided with a glass area which typically is con- 1struc'ted-of two or three panes of glass with a dead air space between to reduce heat transfer. The two or more panes of glass 12 and 14 are mounted in a metal door frame 16. The door frame anddoor jamb are provided with a plurality of resistance wires 17. One of the panes of glass is coated with a very thin transparent electrically conductive layer for heating the surface of the glass in response to the flow of electrical current therethrorighHeated glass panels of this type are well known int he art.

Electrical power is supplied to the resistive heating elements of the door 10 and the doorjamb from a standard 1 15 or 220 volt A.C. power source through a relay control switch 18 which is switched to its closed position by energizing of the associated relay coil 20. The relay coil 20 is energized from a control circuit which includes a power supply 22 connected across the 1 15 or 220 volt A.C. source. The power supply preferably includes a step-down transformer to supply a low voltage output that is isolated from the power source. The output of the power supply provides a voltage across one diagonal of a conventional resistance bridge 24. One leg of-theresistance bridge is provided by a humidity sensor element 26, which preferably is a humidity sensitive resistor made of sulfonated polystyrene, known as a Pope cell, such as described in the article Linearizing Relative Humidity Measurements by I George. Whitehaus, Instruments and Control Systems,

September 1972, pages 72 and 73. A second leg of the bridge circuit 24 is a variable resistor 28 controlled by a rotatable knob 30. Theother diagonal of the bridge circuit 24 is connected as the input to a switching circuit 32, for example. The switching circuit 32 switches from one stable state to another with changes in polar ity of theinput. The output of the switching circuit 32 in turn actuates a'control relay 34 having a switch 36 for connecting the power relay coil 20 across the 1 15/220 volt A.C. source. The relay 34 is shown by way of example, but could be replaced by a semiconductor type switch or other sensitive switching means.

A typical installation of the invention is shown in FIG. 2 in which the control circuit is mounted in a box 38, preferably mounted inside the refrigerator or freezer. Box 38 may be attached to the refrigerator door jamb 11 where the heater power wires emerge for connection to the power source. The humidity sensor 26 is mounted outside and preferably above the refrigerator door 10, the pair of leads from the sensor 26 passing through a small opening in the insulated wall 42 of the refrigerator above the door. The leads from the sensor 26 connect into the control circuit in the box 38 through a suitable plug connector 44.

The control knob 30 extends outside the box 38 and preferably is provided with a scale of index markings calibrated in percent relative humidity. Typically the control knob 30 might be set to a relative humidity of 55 percent. Normally it should be adjusted to the highest relative humidity setting which maintains the refrigerator door free of undesirable moisture. Suitable electrical connections are provided selectively between the box 38 and the wires which supply power to the heated glass pane 12 and/or the heater wires in the door frame 16 and jamb 11. Connections are also provided from the control. box 38 to a suitable standard voltage source. a

In operation, depending upon the. setting of the variable resistor 28 by the control knob 30, variations in humidity above and below the selected'level causes the switching-circuit to actuate therelay 34. When the humidity at the sensor is below the indicated level, the relay 34 opens the switch 36 thereby allowing the relay to become de-energized, opening the switch 18. This breaks the circuit to the heated wiring and window panel of the door. Any risein the humidityabove the preset level causes'th'e polarity across the output of the bridge to reverse, actuating the switching circuit 32 and glass in the refrigerator door only when the humidity increases above a preset level at which precipitation of moisture occurs.

While the preferred embodiment includes the jamb, frame, and glass heating elements as part of the controlled load, it may be desirable in some installations to control only the heating elements in the metal frame and/or jamb, while continuously heating the glass. It will be apparent that other combinations of humidity controlled heating and continuous heating of the respective heating elements are also possible utilizing theconcepts of the invention. Additionally, although a preferred embodiment of a humdity-sensitive element has been described, the principles of the present invention can readily be practiced with other types and styles of such elements.

7 What is claimed is:

l. Defrosting apparatus for display type refrigerator and freezer equipment having a door with a glass viewing area, comprising: electrical heating means associated with the door for heating portions of the door, a relative humidity-sensing element mounted outside the door for sensing ambient relative humidity, and control v isolating transformer connecting the means responsive to the humidity-sensing means for connecting the heating means to an electrical power source only whenthe relative humidity exceeds a predetermined level. v

2. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrical heating means includes an electrically resistive coating on the glass viewing area, the control means connecting the coating to the power source.

3. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes a resistance element embedded in the frame, the control means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.

4. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includesa metal frame mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes a resistanceelement embedded in the jamb, the control means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.

5. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includesa resistance element embedded in the frame and jamb, the control means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.

6. Apparatus of claim 5 wherein the electrical heating means includes an electrically resistive coating on the glass viewing area, the control means connecting the coating to the power source.

7. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the relative humidity-sensing element includes resistance means that varies in resistance in response to changes in relative humidity.

8. Apparatus of claim 7 wherein the control means includes a resistance bridge circuit with the sensing element resistance means connected as one leg of the bridge, and means for adjusting the resistance of a second leg of the bridge to vary the humidity level at which the bridge is balanced.

9. Apparatus of claim 8 wherein the control means further includes switching means responsive to the bridge circuit for making and breaking an electrical path to the heating means with unbalancing of the bridge by changes in resistance of the sensing element.

10. Apparatus of claim 9 wherein the control means furtherincludes a power supply having a lower voltage power supply to the power source. 

1. Defrosting apparatus for display type refrigerator and freezer equipment having a door with a glass viewing area, comprising: electrical heating means associated with the door for heating portions of the door, a relative humidity-sensing element mounted outside the door for sensing ambient relative humidity, and control means responsive to the humidity-sensing means for connecting the heating means to an electrical power source only when the relative humidity exceeds a predetermined level.
 2. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrical heating means includes an electrically resistive coating on the glass viewing area, the control means connecting the coating to the power source.
 3. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes a resistance element embedded in the frame, the control means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.
 4. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes a resistance element embedded in the jamb, the control means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.
 5. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes a resistance element embedded in the frame and jamb, the control means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.
 6. Apparatus of claim 5 wherein the electrical heating means includes an electrically resistive coating on the glass viewing area, the control means connecting the coating to the power source.
 7. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the relative humidity-sensing element includes resistance means that varies in resistance in response to changes in relative humidity.
 8. Apparatus of claim 7 wherein the control means includes a resistance bridge circuit with the sensing element resistance means connected as one leg of the bridge, and means for adjusting the resistance of a second leg of the bridge to vary the humidity level at which the bridge is balanced.
 9. Apparatus of claim 8 wherein the control means further includes switching means responsive to the bridge circuit for making and breaking an electrical path to the heating means with unbalancing of the bridge by changes in resistance of the sensing element.
 10. Apparatus of claim 9 wherein the control means further includes a power supply having a lower voltage isolating transformer connecting the power supply to the power source. 